More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict eric. North sudan wanted to convert south sudan, but south sudan retaliated so it wouldnt be converted.
The crisis, which started as political but later strayed into an ethnic. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Ethnic groups in south sudan download ebook pdf, epub. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the. South sudan was settled by many of its current ethnic groups during the 15th19th centuries.
Jan 28, 2016 thousands of people have been killed and millions displaced in south sudan since a civil war erupted in the country in 20. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. Constitutionally, nigeria opted for federalism and secularism to manage ethnic and regional misunderstanding like south africa, a bill of rights was included in the 1999 constitution, which was intended to allay the fears. Ethnic dimensions of the conflict south sudan is a multi ethnic society comprised of more than 60 different ethnic communities. The president informed congress that he may take further action to support the security of u. South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudans ongoing civil war. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and.
Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. South sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the dinka and the nuer constituting. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. Although it originated in southern sudan, the civil war spread to the nuba mountains and blue nile. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese. South sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Many of his supporters are dinka, particularly those coming from the presidents home area of greater bahr. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war.
Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 2 improve. Inclusion and empowerment are vital for both democracy and development to take hold in conflict and post conflict situations, according to nicholas haysom, special representative of united nations secretarygeneral ban kimoon for sudan and. South sudan conflict, south sudan ethnic crises, south sudan history book has all these information. The armed conflict that began in december 20 has taken on an increasingly ethnic dimension, with the leaders of the two main opposing factions belonging to the two largest ethnic groups president salva kiir a dinka and former vice president riek machar a nuer and drawing much of their support from members of their own ethnic groups. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army. To manage her complex ethnic problem, nigeria, like south africa, has developed mechanisms for ethnic conflict management. Currently, the conflict boiled down with the sudan call declaration, but conflict is still unresolved politically, in northern and southern sudan and a solution is still in the works for.
Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. Another dimension of ethnic conflict in south sudan centres on issues of cattle raids and grazing land, mostly between the murle and nuer, as well as between the nuer. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. Disputes are often sharpened or even triggered by glaring social, political and economic inequalities, explosive conditions that are exacerbated by social conflict. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict.
South sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the dinkas, who constitute about 35% of the population and predominate in government. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudans varied ethnic groups. It also seeks to emphasise the role of ethnic animosity as the main underlying. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider sudanese nomadic. South sudan, civil war, power struggle, ethnic violence, international conflict. Nov 26, 2014 president salva kiir is a dinka, the largest of 60 or so ethnic groups in south sudan. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict transformation are part of a wider research project on supporting peace processes through a systemic approach conducted by the berghof foundation for peace support and supported financially by the swiss foreign office and the german ministry for economic cooperation and development. The current crisis reflects underlying tensions and mistrust among south sudanese leaders and ethnic groups that date back to sudans civil war. In january 2011, a referendum in the south, stipulated by the cpa, resulted. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. The protracted conflict in sudan reflects the long standing economic disparities, political exclusion and social and cultural deprivation in the distribution of political and economic power between the centre and the peripheries. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent.
The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting. South sudan has been a country in turmoil since its formation. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. South sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war.
A political power struggle between south sudanese president salva kiir and former. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. Five things you should know about the conflict in south sudan. Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudan s varied ethnic groups. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Conflict profile, causes, actors and dynamics tethloach ruey doctoral thesis dissertation politics international politics topic.
Fighting broke out between the sudan peoples liberation movement splm. The crisis in darfur and status of the north south peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. Pdf on jan 1, 20, lukong stella shulika and others published interethnic conflict in south sudan. Although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly. Her research and publications since 2001 have focused on the historical and contemporary role of chiefs in southern sudan, and related issues of governance, statesociety relations and political and judicial cultures. Mar 11, 2014 south sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle herders the ethnic rivalry driving south sudans wider political crisis is reflected in and reinforced by local skirmishes over cows. Conflict profile since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement.
By the end of the 19th century the sudan was under britishegyptian rule. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only. Since civil war broke out in south sudan in december 20, over 50,000 people have been killedpossibly as many as 383,000, according to a recent estimateand nearly four. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. While the war was largely categorized as a northsouth conflict.
Introduction the republic of south sudan is a multi ethnic sovereign entity, consisting of 10 states and comprising a culturally diverse population. Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed. However, efforts to sustain an ethnic conflict narrative have been quickly countered by the argument that the south sudan government was a representation of diverse ethnic groups and that even after the december 20 crisis which saw a number of people arrested on the allegations of an attempted coup, the president did not spare those from his. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the conflict as an ethnic crisis is insufficient.
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